12.04.2021<\/p>\n
Gagarin vid\u011bl zem\u011bkouli skrze saf\u00edr ze Spolchemie
\n12.04.2021<\/p>\n
\u201eV pr\u016fzoru vid\u00edm Zemi. Je dob\u0159e rozli\u0161iteln\u00e1. Vid\u00edm \u0159eky, ter\u00e9nn\u00ed nerovnosti. Viditelnost je dobr\u00e1. V pr\u016fzoru je v\u0161echno b\u00e1je\u010dn\u011b vid\u011bt. Viditelnost je skv\u011bl\u00e1, n\u00e1dhera,\u201c hl\u00e1sil p\u0159esn\u011b p\u0159ed \u0161edes\u00e1ti lety Jurij Gagarin pot\u00e9, co jeho vesm\u00edrn\u00fd kor\u00e1b Vostok 1 odhodil p\u0159edn\u00ed aerodynamick\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 a odkryl se mu pohled na rodnou planetu<\/p>\n
Prvenstv\u00ed v dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed kosmu z 12. dubna 1961 dr\u017e\u00ed Sov\u011btsk\u00fdch svaz. Nejsp\u00ed\u0161 si na n\u011bm ale m\u016f\u017ee drobn\u00fd pod\u00edl n\u00e1rokovat i \u010ceskoslovensko, a to prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm na\u0161ich chemik\u016f ze Spolchemie, kte\u0159\u00ed um\u011bli vyrobit nej\u010dist\u0161\u00ed a nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 saf\u00edry v tehdej\u0161\u00edm socialistick\u00e9m bloku, ide\u00e1ln\u00ed na pr\u016fzory do Gagarinovy rakety Vostok I. <\/p>\n
Touto legendou, kter\u00e1 se u n\u00e1s dlouh\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed v chemi\u010dce tradovala \u00fastn\u00ed formou, se nyn\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u011b za\u010dali zab\u00fdvat odborn\u00edci z \u00fasteck\u00e9ho muzea. By\u0165 se k n\u00ed, i z d\u016fvod\u016f mo\u017en\u00e9ho vysok\u00e9ho utajen\u00ed v na\u0161em podnikov\u00e9m archivu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 doklady nena\u0161ly, \u00faste\u010dt\u00ed historici pova\u017euj\u00ed informaci za velmi pravd\u011bpodobnou. <\/p>\n
\u201eKdy\u017e jsem v roce 1978 coby \u010derstv\u00fd absolvent nastoupil do v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 laborato\u0159e monokrystal\u016f \u00fasteck\u00e9 Spolchemie, vypr\u00e1v\u011bli mi star\u0161\u00ed kolegov\u00e9 o utajen\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b saf\u00edr\u016f z pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let pro sov\u011btsk\u00fd zbrojn\u00ed a raketov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu o Vostoku,\u201c komentoval tradovanou legendu n\u00e1\u0161 n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk Zden\u011bk Ryt\u00ed\u0159, dnes u\u017e d\u016fchodce. <\/p>\n
S um\u011bl\u00fdmi saf\u00edry se v \u010cech\u00e1ch za\u010dalo experiment\u00e1ln\u011b je\u0161t\u011b za v\u00e1lky, v roce 1947 se pak v \u00dast\u00ed rozjela hromadn\u00e1 v\u00fdroba dle \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9ho patentu Verneuilovou metodou. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 jsme provozovali v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 centrum, kter\u00e9 postupy zdokonalovalo. A brzy jsme dos\u00e1hli i mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f. <\/p>\n
Mezi roky 1960\u20131961 z\u00e1rove\u0148 vyl\u00e9tlo p\u011bt testovac\u00edch exempl\u00e1\u0159\u016f Vostoku I. v r\u00e1mci p\u0159\u00edpravy na prvn\u00ed let \u010dlov\u011bka do vesm\u00edru. \u201eM\u011bl t\u0159i pr\u016fzory, kter\u00e9 dosahovaly cirka deseti centimetr\u016f v pr\u016fm\u011bru a sklo by extr\u00e9mn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e p\u0159i startu a p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed nevydr\u017eelo. Mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b tvrd\u00fd um\u011bl\u00fd korund, tedy saf\u00edr, ano. Ale b\u011b\u017en\u00fd kus vypad\u00e1 jako v\u00e1le\u010dek, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 v nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b pr\u016fm\u011br okolo 2,5 centimetru. Spolchemie v\u0161ak v t\u00e9 dob\u011b na\u0161la origin\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. N\u011bkolik experiment\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fdrobk\u016f tohoto typu se dodnes ve Spolchemii dochovalo.<\/p>\n
V\u00fdrobu syntetick\u00fdch korund\u016f jsme bohu\u017eel z ekonomick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f ukon\u010dili v roce 2015. Je\u0161t\u011b v roce 2010 na\u0161e produkce p\u0159itom dosahovala 75 tun ro\u010dn\u011b v kvalit\u011b, kter\u00e1 nem\u011bla na sv\u011bt\u011b konkurenci. \u010c\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdrobci v\u0161ak kontrovali t\u0159ikr\u00e1t ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed cenou a odbyt pro na\u0161e um\u011bl\u00e9 korundy prakticky zanikl.<\/p>\n
Um\u011bl\u00e9 korundy z \u00dast\u00ed nach\u00e1zely po roce 1989 vyu\u017eit\u00ed i v americk\u00e9m kosmick\u00e9m programu, slou\u017eily tak\u00e9 pro v\u00fdrobu nepr\u016fst\u0159eln\u00fdch skel, optiky v\u010detn\u011b vojensk\u00e9, LED sv\u00edtidel i ke \u0161perka\u0159stv\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad je lze v r\u016fzn\u00fdch barevn\u00fdch variant\u00e1ch naj\u00edt na kopii \u010desk\u00fdch korunova\u010dn\u00edch klenot\u016f. V p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed po d\u016fkazech \u201e\u00fasteck\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9 legendy\u201c historici budou pokra\u010dovat. \u201ePochybujeme, \u017ee v \u010desk\u00fdch archivech n\u011bjak\u00fd p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd doklad najdeme. \u0160lo o p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b utajenou v\u011bc, kdy na\u0161e ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady asi ani nebyly informov\u00e1ny o p\u0159esn\u00e9m \u00fa\u010delu vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu korundu. Obr\u00e1t\u00edme se s dotazy na ruskou stranu,\u201c poznamenal \u0159editel \u00fasteck\u00e9ho muzea V\u00e1clav Houfek.<\/p>\n
Um\u011bl\u00fd (i p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed) miner\u00e1l korund je po diamantu nejtvrd\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1mou l\u00e1tkou. Ozna\u010den\u00ed saf\u00edr se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro jeho r\u016fzn\u00e9 barevn\u00e9 odr\u016fdy (\u010derven\u00e1 je ona\u010dovan\u00e1 jako rub\u00edn).<\/p>\n
Pod\u00edvejte se do galerie ze zanikl\u00e9ho provozu i n\u011bkter\u00e9 uk\u00e1zky tehdej\u0161\u00ed produkce um\u011bl\u00fdch saf\u00edr\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
12.04.2021 Gagarin vid\u011bl zem\u011bkouli skrze saf\u00edr ze Spolchemie 12.04.2021 \u201eV pr\u016fzoru vid\u00edm Zemi. Je dob\u0159e rozli\u0161iteln\u00e1. Vid\u00edm \u0159eky, ter\u00e9nn\u00ed nerovnosti. Viditelnost je dobr\u00e1. V pr\u016fzoru je v\u0161echno b\u00e1je\u010dn\u011b vid\u011bt. Viditelnost je skv\u011bl\u00e1, n\u00e1dhera,\u201c hl\u00e1sil p\u0159esn\u011b p\u0159ed \u0161edes\u00e1ti lety Jurij Gagarin pot\u00e9, co jeho vesm\u00edrn\u00fd kor\u00e1b Vostok 1 odhodil p\u0159edn\u00ed aerodynamick\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 a odkryl se mu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[679],"class_list":["post-3378","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-aktuality","tag-679"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/spolchemie.two.testovaciverze.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3378","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/spolchemie.two.testovaciverze.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/spolchemie.two.testovaciverze.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spolchemie.two.testovaciverze.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spolchemie.two.testovaciverze.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3378"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/spolchemie.two.testovaciverze.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3378\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3511,"href":"https:\/\/spolchemie.two.testovaciverze.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3378\/revisions\/3511"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/spolchemie.two.testovaciverze.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3378"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spolchemie.two.testovaciverze.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3378"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/spolchemie.two.testovaciverze.cz\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3378"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}